An Effective Concrete Sealer
Time-Tested Performance

For waterproofing, hardening, increasing density, and dust proofing of most concrete and other masonry surfaces. BioSeal Concrete Sealant preserves and extends the material's life, as well as extending paint life up to 300%.

Prevents Seepage/Capillarity - BioSeal Concrete Sealant holds a hydrostatic head, stops seepage, dampness, moulding, pitting, rutting, dusting, and protects steel within the concrete from rust and corrosion.

Helps in Concrete Curing BioSeal Concrete Sealant helps new concrete cure uniformly, resists spot-drying and hair checking, and provides a prepared surface for better bonding of concrete toppings, mastics and paints.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant maintains the concrete's ability to 'breathe', yet prevents the penetration and flow of water, grease, oil, acids, and other destructive materials. Environmentally safe - BioSeal Concrete Sealant can be used safely indoors or outdoors since it is a non-toxic, non-flammable, fumeless, odorless, and colorless. In addition, it will not harm plants, asphalt, tar, metal, or asbestos.

By protecting masonry surfaces from damage and deterioration, BioSeal Concrete Sealant saves costly maintenance, repairs and replacement expenses.

Whether applied below, on, or above grade, BioSeal Concrete Sealant is highly effective and versatile in a wide range of commercial, industrial, agricultural, and residential applications, including concrete sidewalks, curbs, concrete driveways, concrete parking decks, concrete basements, concrete tunnels, concrete bridges, concrete walls, concrete floors, gunite structures etc.

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BioSeal defends from Freeze Thaw Attack
Time-Tested Performance

Concrete surfaces may be damaged by frost action either before or after the concrete has set. If the temperature falls below zero before the final set, the expansion of water while freezing exerts a force sufficient to destroy the cohesion between particles of the green concrete. The surface of concrete frozen before the final set has taken place, scales badly and becomes pitted. The imprint of frost crystals may often be seen on the broken surface.

Disruption of set concrete by frost is caused by the expansion of water in the pores during freezing. Pressures are developed within the material progressively as ice formation continues. Scaling and cracking occur when the concrete cannot withstand the stress of the expansion and contraction associated with freeze/thaw.

As liquid changes to ice, there is an expansion of approximately 9%. When ice changes back to liquid, stress is released. When salt is added to the equation, the rate of expansion is doubled.

*ASTM-C-666. Results: Improved resistance to freeze-thaw damage.
*ASTM-C-666. Using 5% NaCl. Results: Improves resistance to salt attack during freeze/thaw conditions in presence of moisture.

*Concrete Material and Practice Fifth Edition
**Salt Institute

Concrete Protection.
Whether applied below, on, or above grade, BioSeal Concrete Sealant is highly effective and versatile in a wide range of commercial, industrial, agricultural, and residential applications, including sidewalks, curbs, driveways, parking decks, basements, tunnels, concrete bridges, concrete walls, concrete floors, gunite structures etc.

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Capillarity refers to the migration of moisture and water in masonry. Capillarity enables water to travel in any direction. The result of capillarity is seepage. Seepage is one of the most costly and counterproductive problems industries have with concrete, and up until now, solutions were usually expensive and the results were poor.

Seepage leads to efflorescence problems, peeling or bubbling of painted surfaces, or attack and disintegration of adhesives, which hold down floor coverings. This will lead to damaged floor coverings and the concrete.

Because concrete is porous, water will migrate from the water table up, or take in moisture from the surface and migrate down. Moisture will not only cause deterioration of the concrete, but will also cause equipment and inventory damage, unusable areas of production, and safety risks resulting in lost revenue.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant will chemically react with the alkali inside the concrete. BioSeal Concrete Sealant becomes a permanent internal seal with a protection depth of 1 to 11/2 inches inside the concrete. This internal seal stops the migration of moisture, thereby stopping the costly damage of seepage, efflorescence, and the disintegration of adhesives and paints. BioSeal Concrete Sealant will hold a hydrostatic head.
*ASTM-C-67-Section 25. Results: 35% decrease in suction.
*ASTM-C-67-Section 13. Results 25% decrease in absorption. 

Concrete is allowed to breathe or transmit water vapor. Allowing the concrete to breathe is vital in maintaining the integrity of the concrete; however it is not characteristic of many sealers in the market today. Seepage situations have many variables and are often an involved and specialized procedure. BioSeal can determine the procedure needed to solve seepage by looking at each situation and assessing the best solution.

There are 3 important factors when dealing with seepage problems that BioSeal can alleviate

1) The concrete can be treated when it is wet (which is usually the case in seepage situations)

2) The sealant can be applied from either inside or outside of the structure. Excavation work is messy and expensive, and can be avoided with the use of BioSeal methods.

3) BioSeal's proven methods of application will give you long term results with 100% customer satisfaction.

*By Housekeeping and Home Finance Agency US Government at Forest Products

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Concrete Curing
Time-Tested Performance

The chemical action which results in the setting and hardening of concrete is dependant on the presence of water. Although there is normally an adequate quantity for full hydration at the time of mixing, it is necessary to ensure that the water is either retained or replenished to enable the chemical action to continue. A significant loss of water due to evaporation may cause the hydration process to stop, with a consequent reduced strength development. In addition, evaporation can cause early and rapid drying shrinkage, resulting in tensile stresses which are likely to cause cracking unless the concrete has achieved sufficient strength to withstand these stresses. Methods of curing are therefore designed to maintain the concrete in a continuously moist condition over a period of several days or even weeks. **

Improper curing can easily reduce the strength of even the best concrete by half.

Many other properties of hardened concrete also are affected by its moisture content. These include elasticity, creep, insulating value, fire resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity and durability.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant penetrates into the pores of the concrete, chemically reacts with the alkali within the concrete, to become an internal membrane below the surface.

The concrete is not only aided in the curing process, but ultimate protection is provided in one application.

Due to its chemical reaction, BioSeal Concrete Sealant forms a silica aero gel, which maintains optimum moisture levels in the concrete throughout the curing process. This helps in keeping the integrity and consistency of the cement gels constant throughout the concrete. After the curing process the concrete is denser, harder and permanently sealed. This results in a higher quality concrete.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant allows the concrete to continue to hold enough moisture throughout the curing period in order for the cement to hydrate. Moisture loss, due to temperature and environment during the curing process is also retarded, therefore the concrete will not spot dry or dry unevenly.

*ASTM-C-156. Results: Significant improvement in curing against hairline checking and spot drying.
The concrete is not only aided in the curing process, but ultimate protection, in one application.
Properly cured concrete provides improved durability. Well-cured concrete has better surface hardness and therefore is more watertight.*

*Compression strength (surface coat only). Results: +15% at 8 days; +23% at 31 days
Less downtime and not time restrictions, when curing and sealing concrete, is a major benefit to trades-people and building owners. Other sealer applications must be delayed for a minimum of 28 days after the concrete has been pored.

*Credited to Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures CPCA “What is Curing?”
**Credited to Concrete Practice and Material Fifth Edition

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Efflorescence Protection
Time-Tested Performance

Efflorescence is a white crystalline deposit that can form on surfaces of concrete, stucco, brick or masonry. These deposits are water-soluble salts that come from the ground. For water to carry or move the salts to the surface there must be channels through which to migrate in a process called capillarity. Porous materials enable the salt to be transported with greater ease. When ground water, containing salts reach the surface of the structure, the water evaporates into the air, and the result is efflorescence.

Any building materials in direct contact with the earth are potential sources for efflorescence. Low absorption is the best assurance against efflorescence.

Ninety percent of your problem is moisture and capillarity. The moisture carries the salts to the surface through channels in the concrete. Without moisture as a carrier, the efflorescence would remain unseen below ground. BioSeal's Concrete Sealant provides a barrier to the migration of moisture, because it penetrates into the concrete, where it reacts with the alkali and forms a hydrostatic head. The moisture, or carrier, of the alkali is stopped, preventing the efflorescence from surfacing and causing deterioration of the concrete.

Efflorescence and seepage are situations with many variables; therefore we recommend the advice and services of Bioseal when dealing with these and similar conditions.

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Fixing Alkali Problems
Time-Tested Performance

Alkali is never pure and rarely stable. It is made up of a combination of elements and almost always reacts with other elements.

We start with hydrogen, then lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. Francium is radioactive with a half-life of only twenty minutes. The other five are very active alkali metals. Each element has electrons and molecules, which are always eager to take part in chemical reactions with other elements. The two most important alkali metals are sodium and potassium. We find a hint of them in potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate. Sodium makes up 2.6% of the earth's crust and potassium makes up 2.5%, yet we never see them. They are always found in combinations with other elements. Neither of them could remain pure in air or moisture.

The increased use of concrete subfloors in direct contact with the ground makes more important than ever, the complete understanding of moisture and alkali inherent in these subfloors and their effects on paints and floor coverings. Well known as the "alkali problem", this condition is primarily a problem of moisture. Alkali is present in every concrete slab and is more detrimental with moisture. On adequately ventilated, suspended concrete, subfloor moisture is not present in troublesome quantities.

Where the slab is in direct contact with the ground or a poorly ventilated air space, moisture is brought up through the slab by capillary action. It dissolves the alkaline slats in the concrete and appears at the surface as a destructive alkaline solution causing spalling and efflorescence.

Although moisture and alkali conditions may vary greatly, there is always sufficient moisture in the ground to come in contact with the alkali in concrete to present an "alkali problem" on subfloors affected by ground moisture. It is never safe to assume that a concrete slab will always by dry because is has been dry; moisture content may be small. When paint or floor coverings are applied, the moisture and alkali collects under the coverings. This often results in coverings buckling, warping, or separating from the concrete surface.

BioSeal recommends BioSeal Concrete Sealant to alleviate this problem. BioSeal can seal and waterproof the concrete to eliminate spalling and efflorescence, leaving clean pores to which paint, mastics or adhesives for floor covering can effectively secure a better bond. The destructive moisture attacking problems, which causes deterioration to adhesives and paints will also be eliminated.

Efflorescence becomes a problem when moisture is introduced. Moisture transports efflorescence through the concrete, thereby destroying concrete and the steel holding it together. 90% of the problem is moisture; BioSeal Concrete Sealant penetrates into the concrete, reacts with the alkali and forms a hydrostatic head, barring the migration of moisture.

*BioSeal recommends certified and trained applicators for alkali sealant solutions.

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Aiding the Paint Trade
Time-Tested Performance

There are a number of factors that cause concrete surface coatings to fail.

1) Water flow within the porous concrete before, during or after the coating has been applied is one of the major causes of problems associated with concrete paints.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant decreases the absorption by 25% ASTM-C-67 BioSeal Concrete Sealant decreases the suction by 35% ASTM-C-67

2) Concrete dusts naturally. This creates a surface that is unstable for most coatings to adhere to.BioSeal Concrete Sealant resists dusting to abrasion by 100% *ORF Method

3) Poor surface preparation. This may include insufficient removal of oil or wax from previous coatings or contaminants, surface salts already present or forming from inside the structure, or moisture on or inside the concrete.

4) Surface is too smooth for paints to adhere to. The battle for the most part we believe, is moisture being carried to the surface. Moisture not only carries alkali and lime to the surface causing a reaction in the paint, but moisture is a major problem to the paint itself often causing bubbling, cracking or peeling.

Oil and acrylic latex paints were not designed as a sealer or waterproofing agent. Best results are achieved when these products are used only as a topcoat to BioSeal Concrete Sealant.

We recommend BioSeal Concrete Sealant as a necessary first step for any concrete surface prior to painting. BioSeal Concrete Sealant not only prohibits water flow to the painted surface, but provides a surface that is stable from dust, alkali, salts, and provides an etched surface that easily enables paint to bind to.

Because the concrete is properly prepared for the paint to adhere to, customers can expect an increase in the life of the paint, as much as 300%. Needless to say, maintenance costs can be greatly reduced.

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Aiding the Paint Trade 2
Time-Tested Performance

Before painting (i.e.: staining, varnishing, etc.) wood, BioSeal Wood Sealer is a necessity. We have all seen paint on wood that is flaked, blistered, cracked, or crumbled. Why do paints blister and crack on wood surfaces? It is due to a problem called saponification. When soap is manufactured, the basic ingredients are a form of alkali and oil. The combination of alkali in the wood and the oil in the stain causes saponification, which in this case, is more commonly identified as flaking, blistering, and peeling of paint from the surface. This occurs when using oil-based paints that are rapidly disappearing from the market.

Although much better than oil-based paint, the vinyl, rubber, or latex-based paints that are in widespread use today, also have the tendency to peel and crack off the surface. The primary reason for this is that the alkali is still fighting the paints. In the event that these surface coatings are used as a sealer or waterproofing agent, they must be applied and periodically re-applied so that eventually the surface contains many layers of coatings. This provides only temporary relief, with high repeated maintenance costs, while leaving the finished product less than pleasing to the eye.

The application of BioSeal Wood Sealer to wood surfaces will give an alkali free and moisture free (i.e. reaction-free) surface for better bonding of paint. When applied in accordance with the manufacturers' directions, the paint life on the structure can be increased up to 300%, providing a longer "fresh paint" appearance and reducing maintenance costs.

Any treated or surface coatings must first be removed so that BioSeal Wood Sealer penetrates.

On occasion, foreign matter such as grease and oil will float to the surface after applying BioSeal Wood Sealer. This foreign matter should be rinsed away with water (in excessive areas, several rinsing may be needed), prior to painting.

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Atmospheric Pollution
Time-Tested Performance

Modern times have brought modern challenges - even when working with age-old materials such as metals and concrete. Deterioration of building materials is becoming a serious problem for cities and towns. The effects of weathering are more severe due to pollutants introduced into the atmosphere. Buildings, roadways, curbs and sidewalks are all subject to this new phenomenon. Atmospheric pollution is a major cause of concrete deterioration, especially in industrial areas. Sulfur dioxide in the air combines with rainwater to form sulfurous acid. This reacts with lime compounds in the concrete, forming Calcium Sulfate. Calcium Sulfate is only slightly soluble in water and is deposited on or near the surface, forming a skin. The Calcium Sulfate then crystallizes behind this skin, and differential movements between it and the concrete underneath, loosen the concrete and cause disintegration.

The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is in industrial areas. Polluted air causes erosion, and surfaces are weathered away, leaving coarse exposed aggregate highly susceptible to deterioration. Spalling due to corrosion of the reinforcement can also occur.*
*Compression strength (surface coat only). Results: +15% at 8 days; +23% at 31 days

BioSeal Concrete Sealant fills the pores in the concrete over an inch deep forming a barrier. This stops the rainwater, which carries the sulfur dioxide, from penetrating the pores of the concrete and prevents the formation of Calcium Sulfate.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant provides denser, stronger concrete that will resist chemical attack at the surface, protecting the more vulnerable concrete inside.
*ASTM-C-67 - Section 13. Results: 25% decrease in absorption. *Credited to Concrete Materials and Practice Fifth Edition.

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Concrete Dusting
Time-Tested Performance 

Test results indicate that abrasion resistance is closely related to the compressive strength of concrete. Strong concrete has more resistance to abrasion than weak concrete.
*As shown in the picture, even 'strong' concrete is damaged as time takes its toll on unsealed, untreated concrete. *Compression Strength (surface coat only) Results: +15% at 8 days; +23% at 31 days.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant delivers 100% improvement against dusting due to abrasion.

Concrete Dusting (small particles of surface grinding away) can be caused by vehicular, foot, or machinery traffic over the concrete surface. It is a costly enemy of efficiency due to the damage it causes to machinery, merchandise, and environmental health.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant causes a chemical reaction to take place with the alkali and lime inside the concrete to form an internal seal. This internal membrane increases the compression strength of the concrete by as much as 23% and surface abrasion is eliminated 100%. Costly floor coverings often used to control dusting, can be eliminated by the use of BioSeal Concrete Sealant.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant will not wear, chip, or peel like most surface coatings, because there is no membrane to chip or peel. BioSeal Concrete Sealant forms an interior seal with a protection depth of 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches inside the concrete.

If the concrete freezes just after it is poured, it will powder and dust exceedingly. Too much water in the concrete mixture will cause dusting and powdering. BioSeal Concrete Sealant prevents powdering and dusting by "binding" the concrete components.

In factory or warehouse situations where equipment is dragged and tools dropped on the concrete, it is an economic necessity to use a product that does not chip, peel, or wear off.

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Concrete Protection
Time-Tested Performance

The life of concrete is limited by a number of disintegrating factors:
Weathering by rain and frost action is chiefly a function of water-tightness or impermeability, since leach and attack by the carbonic and other acids present in rainwater, and disruption by frost action, depend on the penetration of water into the surface.

Chemical attacks such as industrial chemicals and wastes; sewage, animal and vegetable oils, fats, grease, milk, and sugars. Wear by abrasion from foot and vehicular traffic, by wave actions, and by water-borne and wind-borne particles.

Concrete has the tendency to be porous due to the presence of voids formed during or after placing. It is usually necessary in order to obtain workable mixes, to use far more water than is actually necessary for chemical combination with the cement. This water occupies space, and when it later dries out, it leaves behind air voids.

Gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide in damp situations, attack concrete. Sulphuric acid also attacks concrete, but the attack from sulphuric acid is likely to be accompanied by abrasion. Sulphates of sodium potassium, magnesium and ammonium may cause serious damage to Portland cement concrete in the presence of moisture. This begins by expansion within the concrete, which may be enough to cause general expansion in the member.

Cracking and disruption follow. Cracks provide a path for soluble chemicals to migrate into the interior of the structure causing deterioration of the concrete. Fertilizers often contain ammonium, potassium and magnesium sulphates. Generally, inorganic acids are destructive to concrete. These may also be released from some salts such as ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate by interaction with lime. Leaching then follows. A number of fertilizers are soluble in water, enabling the chemical easy pathway to the interior of the concrete. Although petroleum oils are not known to cause extensive damage to concrete, they do penetrate into the pores and cause unsightly staining, with subsequent high maintenance cleaning as well as possible contamination of the soil below leading to environmental issues. Organic acids such as stearic, oleic, lactic and tannic all attack concrete. Lactic substances, which are derived from dairy product, have a most destructive effect. Vegetable oils, molasses, sugar, syrup, and glucose have a fair degree of attack, acetic acid that occurs in vinegar and tartaric acid, which occurs in some fruit juices all attack concrete.

Sewage normally has an alkaline reaction and is harmless, but it may become acid by contamination with factory wastes and will then attack concrete. The concrete along the top of sewers can be severely attacked as the result of hydrogen sulphide gas being evolved from the stale sewage. Anaerobic bacteria to form sulphuric acid, which condenses on the walls of the structure, oxidize the hydrogen sulphide. The attack may be rapid particularly in warm conditions and where ventilation is poor.

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Fertilizer and Sulfate Attack
Time-Tested Performance

Sulphates in solution attack concrete and cause expansion, deterioration, and eventual disintegration. In the early stages of attack there is little visual evidence of any change in the concrete, although there may be some reduction in strength as the chemical action proceeds. This is accompanied by slight expansion, which may not be apparent in the concrete itself, but may cause trouble at points of restraint. As the attack proceeds there is usually some change in color from the normal cement grey, and cracking or spalling occurs, starting from the surface in dense concrete, but penetrating much deeper in more porous concrete.

Fertilizers often contain ammonium, potassium and magnesium sulphates. Generally, inorganic acids are destructive to concrete. These may also be released from some salts such as ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate by interaction with lime. Leaching then follows. A number of fertilizers are soluble in water, enabling the chemical easy pathway to the interior of the concrete.

1. Form in which the sulphate occurs.
Easily soluble sulphates such as those of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and ammonium, react more vigorously than calcium sulphate or gypsum.

2. Concentration.
The higher the concentration of sulphates in solution the more serious the attack. The severity of attack is increased in circumstances in which a flow of sulphate- bearing water brings a continuous supply of the salt into contact with the concrete.

3. PH value of the soil or groundwater.
Its temperature may also be a factor at ground level, the activity of sulphate solutions increase with temperature. If the pH value is below 6 in acid soils, the rate of attack is likely to be increased.

4. Permeability of the concrete.
Permeable concrete, particularly if one side is in contact with moist soil containing sulphates and the other side is open to the air so that evaporation occurs, is attacked throughout its thickness resulting in an overall expansion and complete disintegration.

5. Formation of cracks.
Attack proceeds along the lines of cracks particularly when the movement of moisture along any crack is encouraged by one-sided water pressure of evaporation from a free surface.

6. Sulphates.
Sulphates of sodium potassium, magnesium and ammonium may cause serious damage to Portland cement concrete in the presence of moisture. This begins by expansion within the concrete, which may be enough to cause general expansion in the member. Cracking and disruption follow. Cracks provide a path for soluble chemicals to migrate into the interior of the structure causing deterioration of the concrete.

Sulphate salts attack concrete only when they are in solution. It follows that attack is most severe when the soil conditions allow a free movement of ground water.*

Because concrete is porous, and any foreign material can penetrate into the concrete as water-soluble, the solution is to stop the penetration of these chemicals by stopping the capillary action. BioSeal Concrete Sealant provides a permanent internal seal, which forms a hydrostatic head, barring the migration of moisture. BioSeal Concrete Sealant provides a water barrier so moisture as well as water soluble contaminants sit on the surface instead of penetrating and destroying the concrete.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant also increases the strength of the concrete at the surface. This will retard attacks of harmful chemicals at the surface, protecting the vulnerable interior of the concrete, thereby increasing the life-expectancy and safety of the structure.

*ASTM-C-67-Section13. Results: 25% decrease in absorption.
*Compression Strength (surface coat only). Results: +15% at 8 days; +23% at 31 days.
**Concrete Materials and Practice Fifth Edition

Field tests with fertilizers containing primary sources of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulphur have shown that BioSeal Concrete Sealant performs exceedingly well in protecting the concrete from the fertilizer attack. The life and integrity of the concrete have been dramatically increased by protecting the surface with BioSeal Concrete Sealant.

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Floor Covering Trade
Time-Tested Performance

Time constraints and budget limitations often leave construction projects overlooking moisture levels and soil PH when pouring concrete. A complete understanding of moisture and alkali inherent in these subfloors and their effects on paints and floor coverings is important.

As the concrete is setting and commencing through its long curing process, water evaporates from the concrete. When this moisture is gone, it leaves voids and pores in the concrete. The pores in the concrete allow for moisture to migrate from the ground. The moisture passes through these voids and mixes with available alkali.

When mastics or adhesives are applied to bind floor coverings to the concrete, the drawing action of the moisture is increased. When this moisture is drawn to the surface of the slab, it comes in contact with the adhesive. When alkaline water meets with the adhesive, the adhesive emulsifies or begins to deteriorate, resulting in bubbles, blistering, warping, cracking and peeling. The end result is the replacement or re-application of the adhesive. Floor coverings often fail due to one or more of these reasons:

1. Moisture
2. Alkali
3. Hydrostatic Pressure

BioSeal Concrete Sealant prevents moisture from coming in direct contact with covering adhesives or mastics. This will alleviate moisture and alkali collecting under the coverings, which result in buckling, warping, or separating from the concrete surface. BioSeal Concrete Sealant causes an internal chemical reaction with the concrete, to become a permanent part of the concrete surface, and eliminates problems associated with floor coverings by its ability to hold a hydrostatic head.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant will leave clean pores, similar to "etching" on the surface to which paint, mastics or adhesives for floor covering can effectively bond. It will also eliminate the destructive moisture attack which causes deterioration of the adhesives and paints. On surfaces where no covering is used, BioSeal Concrete Sealant will prevent foreign matters such as oil, grease, and acids from penetrating and causing spalling, pitting and overall deterioration. BioSeal Concrete Sealant enables easy clean-up and maintenance.

Sealing with BioSeal Concrete Sealant is an aid in the floor covering trade and a 1-step process for curing and sealing. This is why for quality and efficiency, floor covering specialists count on BioSeal.

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H2SO4 (Sour Gas)
Time-Tested Performance

Sewage normally has an alkaline reaction and is harmless, but it may become acidic by contamination with factory wastes which will then attack concrete. The concrete along the top of the sewers can be severely attacked as the result of hydrogen sulphide gas being evolved from the stale sewage. The hydrogen sulphide is oxidized by anaerobic bacteria to form sulphuric acid which condenses on the walls of the sewer. The attack may be rapid, particularly in warm conditions and where ventilation is poor.

In 1993, North American companies spent $1/2 billion in water treatment chemicals alone to fight corrosion and fouling. Reduction in chemical use, safety, and cost effectiveness are major concerns for the sewage/water treatment facilities.

BioSeal Concrete Sealant fills the voids and pores in the concrete creating an internal seal that inhibits the growth of the bacteria.

Because concrete is porous, and any foreign material can penetrate into the concrete as water-soluble, the solution is to stop the penetration of these chemicals by stopping capillarity action. BioSeal Concrete Sealant provides a permanent internal seal, which forms a hydrostatic head, barring the migration of moisture. BioSeal Concrete Sealant provides a water barrier so moisture as well as water soluble contaminants sit on the surface, instead of penetrating and destroying the concrete.

The seal extends 1 to 1.5 inches inside the concrete, and is permanent. Reducing the breeding environment of the bacteria, hindering the formation of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is the corrosive by-product of the reaction between the bacteria and hydrogen sulphide.

*ASTM-C-67-Section 13. Results: 25% decrease in absorption.
*Concrete Materials and Practice Fifth Edition
BioSeal provides permanent solutions to costly problems.

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Wall Sweating Problems
Time-Tested Performance

The surfaces of most common concrete buildings have an affinity for water molecules. This molecular fill is proportional to relative humidity. At saturation levels, all voids, pores and capillaries can become completely filled. When the atmospheric condition, inside or outside, which causes the excessive moisture in the first place, is alleviated, the porous wall may become filled to the saturation point with moisture in liquid form.

This condition then provides an excellent opportunity for vapor travel within a wall. In its travels the vapor may contact a cold area or “dew point”, and condense in sufficient quantities to reach the interior wall surfaces, to appear as wall “sweating” or “bleeding”. Both sweating and condensation can be greatly affected by temperatures, humidity, wind velocity, soil moisture conditions, etc.

These conditions, if allowed to go unchecked, can cause peeling of paints, spalling, formation of mildew, and efflorescence resulting in heavy maintenance costs. All porous masonry materials can experience these problems unless proper steps are taken. Due to its unique formulation, BioSeal Concrete Sealant can stop this type of wall sweating.

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BioSeal Protects Playground Soil from Arsenic
Time-Tested Performance

Over the past few years you have probably heard about, and read, articles about the health hazard potential in Pressure Treated Lumber.

One of the first that we noticed was a reprint of an American Press article done for them by Popular Mechanics titled "Best to stain treated wood", dated July 29, 2000. We quote from the article "Outdoor or pressure treated lumber is treated with chemicals to resist decay and insect attack"; further in the article the author states "lumber that has been treated has been injected with massive amounts of chemicals and water." BioSeal is not implying that their wood preservative does not take advantage of "chemicals" to achieve the same results, but, if we look at the "Material Safety Data Sheet" for BioSeal Wood Sealant, we can see no health hazard. Whereas, an article in U.S. News & World Report, September 16, 2002 "Arsenic and Barbecue", discuss health hazards related to the use of arsenic-treated wood in home decks and playground equipment. This article goes on to say "chromated copper arsenate or CCA" has been used since the 1930's to transform lesser woods into mold and insect repellant products. This article also reports that the levels of "surface" arsenic present on pressure treated wood may not diminish even after periods as long as two decades. A "wipe" test of a 15 square inch area of pressure treated wood produces levels of arsenic equal to the EPA limit for arsenic in 1 litre of drinking water, where the wood was new or old. The EPA has, according to the same article, developed a test to simulate what they feel is the greatest health risk involving the arsenic pressure treated lumber. That test involves research on how often children play outside, and how often the children engage in hand to mouth activity. The Globe and Mail newspaper, in an article "Arsenic threat lurks in playground soil" January 15, 2003 reports that a major environmental group found levels of arsenic in playground soil to be as much as 12 times the federal government of Canada guidelines. Sand was sampled within 1/2 meter of the pressure treated posts supporting the playground structures.

In two of these articles, governing bodies recommend applying a sealant to contain the arsenic within the pressure treated wood, and further to build new structures with alternate materials. The U.S. News & World Report article adds that using a sealant would be a "short-term fix", BioSeal disagrees. BioSeal CCA Sealer will not only encase the CCA chemicals within the pressure treated wood, but will do so permanently. BioSeal CCA Sealer is a penetrating, chemically reactive product that will create a barrier surrounding the wood fibres. This reaction also has the side benefit of creating a harder, more durable construction material.

BioSeal's Solution, there are two:

1. If you have existing structures made with pressure treated lumber, treat them with BioSeal CCA Sealer

1. If you are planning to build an outdoor structure, use un-treated wood and add BioSeal Wood Sealer.

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Helping Beekeepers
Time-Tested Performance

BioSeal has been talking to numerous Beekeepers and they've noticed they all have one thing in common

• damaged and rotting supers or bottom boards and the deterioration of extraction room floors.
  

Beekeepers are asking the question:

"what can preserve and protect our livelihood?"

Well, BioSeal has the answer, a line of products that not only saves Beekeepers money, but also gives them peace of mind.

BioSeal Wood Sealer for your Wood:

• For supers, pallets, frames, lids, feeders, etc.

• Non-toxic penetrate sealer.

• Approved by Food production and Inspection branch - Agriculture Canada

• Approved by Food Safety and Inspection Service - United States Department of Agriculture

• Protect your wood from moist and damp environments and all the destruction and health hazards that can result.

• A major part of your moisture control program.

• Retards dampness, shrinkage, and warping.

• Waterproofs and hardens the wood.

• Leaves a natural finish (can be lightly coloured)

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Mold, Mildew, Fungus, Rot and Your Environment
Time-Tested Performance

There are plenty of articles and web sites that discuss the environment required for the success of mold to live, grow and multiply. According to research, two requirements that are accepted as fact are moisture and food. Also, what we generally call wood rot is caused by the natural action of fungi converting wood to a source of food. Oxygen, moisture and a 40°F to 100°F temperature is all that fungi need to colonize wood. Wood rot and mold can be prevented by eliminating any one of these factors. BioSeal’s solution is to control the moisture.

There are naturally occurring woods such as Western red cedar and redwood that are toxic to fungi. The source of these woods is too small or too costly to meet today’s requirement for rot resistant lumber. Wood species that are not naturally rot resistant are treated with pesticides (CCA) to try to imitate nature. The world is becoming less tolerant of using pesticides, and many countries are either banning or restricting the use of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) as a means of wood preservation. The wood preservation industry has started to utilize a new chemical formula ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) as a pesticide which is reported to be corrosive to metal fasteners and be more costly than CCA.

BioSeal believes the traditional wood preservation industry has missed the obvious. The focus appears to be on killing the organism after it has colonized. However, what needs to be addressed is the environment that allows the organism to grow and flourish.

- Make BioSeal Wood Sealant an important part of your moisture control program.

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Tannins and Wood
Time-Tested Performance

Many wood species contain naturally occurring, water soluble chemicals that tend to migrate to the surface with exposure to extracting agents. During the application of BioSeal wood Sealer to previously untreated wood, coffee or tea-colored fluid may appear on the wood surface or flow down a wooden wall. When tannin extractives that are dissolved by the Wood Sealer, reach the surface they may remain as dark, coffee-brown stains after the sealant “cures”. This brown-black bleeding is unsightly, but not damaging to the wood, or sealer.

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